- 1 cup cake flour = 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all purpose flour
- 1 tablespoon cornstarch (for thickening) = 2 tablespoons flour or 4 teaspoons quick-cooking tapioca cream of tartar = 2 tablespoon baking powder plus 1 tablespoon soda
- 1/2 cup butter or margarine = 1/2 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1 cup sour milk or buttermilk = 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus sweet milk to make 1 cup (let stand 5 minutes)
- 1 square unsweetened chocolate = 3 tablespoons cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter or margarine
- 1 teaspoon dry mustard = 1 tablespoon prepared mustard
- 1 teaspoon baking powder = 1/4 teaspoon soda plus 1/2 cup sour milk (to replace 1/2 cup liquid)
- 1 cup tomato juice = 1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water sour cream = plain yogurt
- 1 cup catsup = 1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup sugar plus 2 tablespoons vinegar (use in cooked mixture)
- 1 whole egg = 2 egg yolks (in custard)
- 1 cup whole milk = 1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water
- 1 cup honey = 1 1/4 cup sugar plus 1/2 cup liquid
- 1 cup canned tomatoes = about 1 1/3 cup cut-up fresh tomatoes simmered 10 minutes
- 1 cup coffee cream = 3 tablespoons butter plus 7/8 cup milk
- 1 cup heavy cream = 1/2 cup butter plus 3/4 cup milk
- 1 tablespoon fresh herbs = 1 teaspoon dried herbs
- 1 cake compressed yeast = 1 package or 2 teaspoons active dry yeast
- 1 clove garlic = 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder